| Author |
Central California Center for Health and Human Services |
| Maintainer |
|
| Last Updated |
March 17, 2021, 06:52 (UTC)
|
| Created |
January 11, 2021, 07:55 (UTC)
|
| Additional Information |
This Consortium is facilitated by the Central California Center for Health and Human Services and funded by The California Endowment. |
| Citation |
Central Valley Health Policy Institute (2017). Longevity for San Joaquin Valley Elders: Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics. California State University, Fresno. |
| Contact Email |
diahannh@csufresno.edu |
| Data Collection Tool |
CVHPI is actively working with the Consortium to provide research and policy expertise. |
| Detailed Description |
The number of years a person is likely to live (life expectancy) has been examined from multiple perspectives. Although there is consensus that genetic factors are determinants of longevity, specific pathways have not been identified. Further, there is increasing evidence for epigenetic (interactions of genes with environment or behavior factors) determination of longevity and thus the continuing attention to other potential causes. Four groups of determinants have been highlighted in prior studies: Individual demographics: For older adults in this country, individual factors such as gender, race/ethnicity, education and wealth have been linked to longevity, functional status, and quality of life. Populations with greater economic security live longer and report greater health and well-being including Asian Americans, older whites, women and those with more education. Notably, consideration of other factors, such as individual health behaviors or health care use, tends to reinforce the influence of demographic differences. For elders, demographic categories serve as proxy measures of a life-time of differential exposure to living conditions, health events and interventions, social supports, and other sources of stress and resilience, all closely associated with different demographic positions in the society. Health related behaviors: Current and lifetime health risk behaviors, such as smoking, diet, exercise, substance use, and social support have been consistently linked to health outcomes. The influence of these factors appears smaller for elders than for younger persons; they are increasingly recognized as at least partially a response to neighborhood stressors. Health risk behaviors can change even in old age, and there is convincing evidence that smoking cessation, weight management and physical activity interventions can improve health and survival. Health services use: For older adults, the accessibility and quality of medical care has been associated with longevity and quality of life. Older adults who receive higher frequency and quality of primary medical care experience lower mortality. Older persons with greater access to primary care are less likely to have avoidable hospitalizations. There are broad social group and market-area differences in rates for surgeries both elective and mandatory that may better reflect differences in practice patterns or insurance than underlying medical necessity. Neighborhood environment: Because individual demographic and health risk behaviors in elders reflect both cumulative life experiences and current exposures, they have been found to be the most powerful predictors of longevity among elders. Researchers, nonetheless, have consistently found impacts of multiple neighborhood features on longevity. Neighborhood socio-economic status has been found to be an independent predictor of heart disease mortality and all-cause mortality. Racial/ethnic and economic segregation at the neighborhood level has also been linked to life expectancy and mortality for elders. |
| Frequency |
Annually |
| Homepage URL |
http://www.fresnostate.edu/chhs/cvhpi/programs/sjvphc.html |
| Language |
English |
| Program |
Central California Center for Health and Human Services |
| Related Citations |
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(2004). “Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000.” JAMA. 291:1238–1245. 21 Shaw A. et al (2014). “Socioeconomic inequalities in health after age 50: Are health risk behaviors to blame?” Soc Sci Med. 101: 52–60. 22 de Waure C et al. (2013). ”Lifestyle interventions in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review.” Am J Prev Med. 45(2):207-16.23 Pahor M. et al. (2014) “Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial.” JAMA. 311(23):2387-96.24 Einarsdóttir, K et al (2010). “Regular Primary Care Lowers Hospitalization Risk and Mortality in Seniors with Chronic Respiratory Diseases.” J Gen Intern Med. 25(8):766–73.25 Wolinksy, F. et al (2010). “Continuity of Care with a Primary Care Physician and Mortality in Older Adults.” J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 65A(4) 421–428.26 Rosano, A et al (2012). “The relationship between avoidable hospitalization and accessibility to primary care: a systematic review.” European Journal of Public Health. 23(3) 356–360.27 van Loenen T et al (2014) “Organizational aspects of primary care related to avoidable hospitalization: a systematic review.” Family Practice 31(5):502-16.28Bretherton, C and Parker M. (2015). “Early surgery for patients with a fracture of the hip decreases 30-day mortality.” Bone Joint J. 97-B(1):104-8.29 Shin D. et al. (2103) “Delay to curative surgery greater than 12 weeks is associated with increased mortality in patients with colorectal and breast cancer but not lung or thyroid cancer.” Ann Surg Oncol. 20(8):2468-76.30 Koul, S. et al (2104). “Delay from first medical contact to primary PCI and all-cause mortality: a nationwide study of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.” J Am Heart Assoc. 3(2):e000486.31Yabroof K. et al (2005). “Geographic disparities in cervical cancer mortality: what are the roles of risk factor prevalence, screening, and use of recommended treatment?” J Rural Health. 21(2):149-57.32 Gittelsohn A. and Powe, N. (1995). “Small area variations in health care delivery in Maryland.” Health Serv Res. 30(2):295-317.33California Health Care Foundation (2014). All Over the Map: Elective Procedure Rates In California Vary Widely. http://www.chcf.org/publications/2014/11/medical-variation-map.34 Karpati, A., Bassett, M and McCord. C. (2006) “Neighborhood mortality inequalities in New York City, 1989–1991 and 1999–2001” Journal of Epidemiol Community Health. 60:1060–106435 Wright, R et al (2010). “Urban Neighborhood Context and Mortality in Late Life” J Aging Health. 22(2): 197–218.36 Greer S et al. (2014). “Metropolitan racial residential segregation and cardiovascular mortality: exploring pathways.” J Urban Health. 91(3):499-509.37 Nelson K. et al. (2011). “Neighborhood environment and health status and mortality among veterans” J Gen Intern Med. 26(8):862-7.38 Yen I. et al. (2009). “Neighborhood environment in studies of health of older adults: a systematic review.” Am J Prev Med. 37(5):455-63.39 Griffin et al (2013)40 Qian, Y. et al. (2013). “Epidemiological evidence on association between ambient air pollution and stroke mortality.” J Epidemiol Community 67(41 Shumake K. et al. (2013). “Susceptibility of older adults to health effects induced by ambient air pollutants regulated by the European Union and the United States” J. Aging Clin Exp Res. 25(1):3-8.42Krewski D et al. (2009). “Extended follow-up and spatial analysis of the American Cancer Society study linking particulate air pollution and mortality. Res Rep Health Eff Inst. (140):5-114; |
| Spatial/Geographic Coverage |
All residents in the San Joaquin Valley. |
| Temporal Coverage |
2009-2013 |
